Class 7 Science – Unit Test 2 Practice Set (Chapters 4 to 7)

Govind Padvi

📘 Class 7 Science – Unit Test 2 Practice Set (Chapters 4 to 7)

This post contains complete exam-oriented questions for Class 7 Science – Maharashtra Board for Second Unit Test. All chapters include: Fill in the blanks, Short answers, Long answers, Match the following, Reasoning questions, and Figure-based questions.

🍃 Chapter 4 – Nutrition in Living Organisms

  1. 🔹 Fill in the Blanks (with Answers)

    1. Plants prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis.

    2. The green pigment in leaves is called chlorophyll.

    3. Animals that depend on plants for food are called herbivores.

    4. Organisms that depend on other animals for food are called carnivores.

    5. Humans eat both plants and animals; they are called omnivores.

    6. Organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter are called saprophytes.

    7. A parasitic plant that lives on other plants is Cuscuta.

    8. Amoeba takes in food using its pseudopodia.

    9. Insectivorous plants trap insects to obtain nitrogen.

    10. The food prepared by plants is transported to other parts through the phloem.

    11. Photosynthesis takes place only in the presence of sunlight.

    12. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis.

    13. Digestion is the process of converting complex food into simple substances.

    14. Parasites obtain food from a host organism.

    15. Saprophytes secrete enzymes on the dead matter before absorbing food.


    🔹 Match the Following (with Answers)

    Set 1

    A. Match the Following

    AB
    1. Autotrophsa. Example – Cuscuta
    2. Parasitesb. Prepare their own food
    3. Saprophytesc. Feed on dead and decaying matter
    4. Heterotrophsd. Depend on others for food

    ✅ Answers

    1 – b
    2 – a
    3 – c
    4 – d

    Set 2

    A. Match the Following

    AB
    1. Chlorophylla. Controls hunger
    2. Stomachb. Green pigment in plants
    3. Small intestinec. Complete digestion & absorption
    4. Pseudopodiad. Helps amoeba capture food

    ✅ Answers

    1 – b
    2 – a
    3 – c
    4 – d

    Set 3

    A. Match the Following

    AB
    1. Herbivoresa. Eat both plants and animals
    2. Carnivoresb. Eat only plants
    3. Omnivoresc. Eat only animals
    4. Insectivorous plantsd. Trap insects for nitrogen

    ✅ Answers

    1 – b
    2 – c
    3 – a
    4 – d


    🔹 Short Answer Questions (with Answers)

    1. What is nutrition?

    Answer:
    Nutrition is the process by which living organisms obtain food and use it for growth, energy, and maintaining life functions.

    2. What is photosynthesis?

    Answer:
    Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants prepare food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and chlorophyll.

    3. Name the raw materials required for photosynthesis.

    Answer:
    Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll.

    4. What are heterotrophic organisms?

    Answer:
    Organisms that cannot prepare their own food and depend on other plants or animals for food are called heterotrophs.

    5. What is the role of chlorophyll?

    Answer:
    Chlorophyll is the green pigment in leaves that traps sunlight for photosynthesis.

    6. What are saprophytes? Give an example.

    Answer:
    Saprophytes are organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter.
    Example: Mushrooms.

    7. What are parasites? Give an example.

    Answer:
    Parasites are organisms that depend on a host for food and harm it.
    Example: Cuscuta (Amarbel).

    8. What is meant by insectivorous plants?

    Answer:
    Plants that trap insects to obtain nitrogen are called insectivorous plants.

    9. How does amoeba obtain its food?

    Answer:
    Amoeba uses finger-like projections called pseudopodia to surround and engulf food.

    10. What is digestion?

    Answer:
    Digestion is the process by which complex food is broken down into simpler, absorbable substances.



🔹 Long Answer Questions (with Detailed Answers)

1. Explain autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition with examples.

Answer:
Nutrition is the process of obtaining and utilizing food. Living organisms show two major types of nutrition:

(A) Autotrophic Nutrition

  • In this mode, organisms prepare their own food.

  • Green plants and some bacteria prepare food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

  • This process is called photosynthesis.

  • Plants contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps sunlight.

Examples:
✔ Green plants
✔ Algae
✔ Some bacteria

(B) Heterotrophic Nutrition

  • Organisms that cannot make their own food.

  • They depend on plants or other animals for their food.

  • This includes herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, parasites, and saprophytes.

Examples:
✔ Humans
✔ Animals
✔ Fungi
✔ Cuscuta (parasite)
✔ Mushrooms (saprophyte)

Conclusion:

Both types of organisms play an important role in the ecosystem.
Autotrophs produce food and oxygen, while heterotrophs depend on them for survival.

2. Describe nutrition in amoeba with the help of a labelled diagram.

Answer:
Amoeba is a single-celled organism that shows a simple method of nutrition.
It feeds on microscopic organisms like algae and bacteria.

Amoeba takes food through the following steps:

(1) Ingestion (Taking in food)

Amoeba forms finger-like projections called pseudopodia around the food particle.
These surround and engulf the food forming a food vacuole.

(2) Digestion

Inside the food vacuole, digestive juices break down the complex food into simple, usable substances.

(3) Absorption

Digested food gets absorbed into the cytoplasm of the amoeba and provides energy for growth and movement.

(4) Assimilation

The absorbed food is used for various life processes.

(5) Egestion (Throwing out waste)

Undigested food moves to the surface of the cell and is thrown out.

Diagram (Description for Notebook):

You can draw the following:

  1. Amoeba cell

  2. Pseudopodia

  3. Food particle

  4. Food vacuole

  5. Cytoplasm

  6. Undigested food expelled

(If you want, I can also provide an actual labelled diagram image.)

3. What are the various types of heterotrophic nutrition? Explain with examples.

Answer:
Heterotrophic nutrition is of different types based on how organisms obtain food.

(1) Saprophytic Nutrition

  • Organisms feed on dead and decaying matter.

  • They release digestive juices on the matter and absorb the nutrients.

Examples:
✔ Mushrooms
✔ Bread mould
✔ Bacteria

(2) Parasitic Nutrition

  • Organisms live on or inside another organism called a host.

  • They obtain food from the host and harm it.

Examples:
✔ Cuscuta (plant parasite)
✔ Lice
✔ Tapeworm

(3) Holozoic Nutrition

  • Organisms take in solid food.

  • Food undergoes ingestion, digestion, absorption and egestion.

Examples:
✔ Humans
✔ Animals
✔ Amoeba

(4) Insectivorous Nutrition

  • Some plants trap insects to obtain nitrogen.

  • These plants grow in soil deficient in nitrogen.

Examples:
✔ Pitcher plant
✔ Venus flytrap

Conclusion:

Heterotrophic organisms depend on other organisms for food.
They show different nutritional modes based on food habits and adaptations.



🧠 Reasoning Questions (Any 5)

1. Why do plants prepare their own food even though soil provides nutrients?

Plants need energy-rich food (glucose) to grow, make new cells, and carry out life processes. Soil nutrients alone cannot provide energy. So, plants perform photosynthesis to make their own food.

2. Why do animals depend on plants directly or indirectly for food?

Animals cannot prepare their own food because they lack chlorophyll. Plants are the primary producers, so animals get food either by eating plants or by eating plant-eating animals.

3. Why is sunlight considered essential for photosynthesis?

Sunlight provides the energy required for plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Without sunlight, this chemical reaction cannot take place.

4. Why do carnivorous plants trap insects even though they are green and perform photosynthesis?

These plants grow in soil poor in nitrogen. They trap insects to obtain nitrogen and other minerals necessary for their growth.

5. Why do ruminants chew cud again after swallowing it?

Ruminants have a four-chambered stomach. The first stomach stores partially digested food. They bring this food back to the mouth to chew it properly so that digestion becomes easier and faster.


Here are simple, exam-friendly figures/diagrams for Class 6 – Chapter 4: Nutrition in Living Organisms.
All diagrams are easy to draw for students.

📘 Figures (Simple & Labelled)

1️⃣ Photosynthesis in a Leaf

Labels:

  • Sunlight

  • Chlorophyll

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Water

  • Glucose (food)

2️⃣ Structure of a Leaf (for photosynthesis)

Labels:

  • Leaf

  • Petiole

  • Stomata (under leaf)

3️⃣ Stomata 

Labels:

  • Guard cells

  • Stoma (opening)

4️⃣ Food Chain (Simple)

Labels:

  • Sunlight

  • Producer (Plant)

  • Herbivore (Goat)

  • Carnivore (Tiger)

5️⃣ Ruminant Digestive System (Simple Block Diagram)

Labels:

  • Rumen

  • Reticulum

  • Omasum

  • Abomasum

  • Intestine


🍽 Chapter 5 – Food Safety

🔹 Fill in the Blanks

  1. The agency that checks food quality is FSSAI.

  2. Eating spoiled food leads to food-borne diseases.

  3. Mixing harmful substances in food is called adulteration.



AB
1. FSSAIc. Food authority
2. Adulterationb. Water in milk
3. Typhoida. Food-borne disease


🔹 Short Answer Questions – Answers

1. Define food adulteration.

             Food adulteration is the process of mixing harmful, cheap, unwanted or low-quality substances with food to increase quantity or profit.
Example: Adding water to milk, mixing stones in grains, adding colors to spices.

2. Write two personal hygiene habits.

  1. Wash hands properly before touching or eating food.

  2. Keep nails trimmed and maintain cleanliness of clothes and body.

3. How can we store leftover food safely?

Leftover food should be:

  • Cooled quickly,

  • Stored in clean, airtight containers,

  • Refrigerated within 2 hours,

  • Reheated properly before eating again.

🔹 Long Answer Question – Answer

Explain four important methods to maintain food safety at home.

Food safety at home is essential to prevent diseases and keep food fresh.
Four important methods are:

1. Maintain Personal Hygiene

  • Wash hands with soap before cooking.

  • Keep nails trimmed.

  • Use clean utensils and wear clean clothes.

2. Proper Storage of Food

  • Store grains and pulses in airtight containers.

  • Keep cooked food covered.

  • Refrigerate leftovers quickly to prevent bacterial growth.

3. Avoid Adulterated Food

  • Buy food items from trusted shops.

  • Look for the FSSAI mark on packaged food.

  • Check expiry date before buying.

4. Cleanliness in the Kitchen

  • Keep the kitchen dry and clean.

  • Cover dustbins and dispose of waste daily.

  • Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before use.

These steps protect us from food poisoning and ensure safe, healthy meals.

🔹 Reasoning Question – Answer

“Fruits and vegetables must be washed before eating.” – Give reason.

  1. Fruits and vegetables may contain dust, dirt, harmful chemicals, pesticides, and germs on their surface.
  2. If we eat them without washing, these harmful substances may enter the body and cause food-borne diseases.
  3. Therefore, washing removes contaminants and makes them safe to eat.

🔹 Figures

Draw a simple sketch of the FSSAI logo.

📏 Chapter 6 – Measurement of Physical Quantities

🔹 Fill in the Blanks

  1. The SI unit of mass is ________.
  2. A stopwatch is used to measure ________.
  3. The curved surface of liquid is called ________.

🔹 Match the Following

AB
1. Timeb. Stopwatch
2. Lengthc. Measuring tape
3. Massa. Kilogram
4. Volumed. Measuring cylinder

🔹 Short Answer Questions

  1. Define measurement.
  2. What is least count?
  3. Name two devices for measuring time.

🔹 Long Answer Question

Explain the water displacement method to measure volume of irregular solids.

🔹 Reasoning Question

“Meniscus should be read at eye level.” – Explain.

🔹 Figures

Draw a measuring cylinder and show the meniscus.

⚙ Chapter 7 – Motion, Force and Work

🔹 Fill in the Blanks

  1. Change in position of an object is called ________.
  2. The SI unit of force is ________.
  3. Work = Force × ________.

🔹 Match the Following

AB
1. Forcec. Push or pull
2. Worka. Done when displacement occurs
3. Magnetic forceb. Non-contact force
4. Frictiond. Opposes motion

🔹 Short Answer Questions

  1. Define force.
  2. Give two examples of motion.
  3. When is work said to be done?

🔹 Long Answer Question

Explain uniform and non-uniform motion with diagrams.

🔹 Reasoning Question

“A rolling ball stops after some time.” – Explain with reason.

🔹 Figures

Draw a distance-time graph for uniform motion.